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Basics

Despite the variety of styles, all planes have the same basic units that perform similar functions. These units include: wing, fuselage, horizontal and vertical tail, landing gear and propulsion system.
Consider the appointment of units that make up the plane and give the necessary information about them.

Air Theory

The wing creates a lifting force when moving the aircraft in the air. Wing structural weight is approximately 10-14% of the take-off weight of the aircraft. In addition to the lift, the wing provides the lateral stability of the aircraft and carry the bodies of lateral control - ailerons. Often attached to the wing engines, main landing gear legs, external fuel tanks and weapons, usually placed inside the wing fuel. The wing is the beam complex design, loaded aerodynamic forces and concentrated loads.
Aircraft with one wing called monoplanes with two wings, one above the other - biplanes.
Wings of modern aircraft are equipped with flaps, slats and other devices that serve to improve runway characteristics of the aircraft. These devices are called the means of mechanization of the wing.
The fuselage, or body aircraft used for the crew, passengers, cargo and sometimes engines, chassis and front legs for connecting the main parts of the aircraft in a single unit. Weight fuselage is about 6-9% weight of the aircraft.
 In the role of the fuselage of seaplanes performs a boat which, in addition, allows for takeoff and landing on water.
Supersonic aircraft horizontal and vertical tail, and sometimes doing all manageable.
Weight design horizontal and vertical tail is 1,5-3% by weight of the aircraft. The chassis is a system of supports on the wheels (or skis), providing aircraft takeoff run, run after landing, and movement by land aerodrome. In all these cases, the chassis accepts static and dynamic loads and protects the aircraft structure from demolition.

Facts

The chassis should be sufficiently elastic elements, soften the blow and swallow at the same kinetic energy of the airplane during the landing and movement on the airfield.
Weight of chassis construction is about 4-7% by weight of the aircraft. Currently, almost all aircraft landing gear retracted in flight.